(e.g., circular, iterative, cyclical) 

First Peoples stories often have protocols for when and where they can be shared, who owns them, and who can share them. 

There are many strategies that readers use when making sense of text. Students consider what strategies they need to use to “unpack” text. They employ strategies with increasing independence depending on the purpose, text, and context. Strategies include but may not be limited to predicting, inferring, questioning, paraphrasing, using context clues, using text features, visualizing, making connections, summarizing, identifying big ideas, synthesizing, and reflecting. 

includes speaking with expression, connecting to listeners, asking questions to clarify, listening for specifics, summarizing, paraphrasing 

• thinking about our own thinking, and reflecting on our processes and determining strengths and challenges
• Students employ metacognitive strategies to gain increasing independence in learning.

 

There are various writing processes depending on context. These may include determining audience and purpose, generating or gathering ideas, free-writing, making notes, drafting, revising, and/or editing. Writers often have very personalized processes when writing. Writing is an iterative process. 

stylistic choices that make one specific writer distinguishable from others, including diction, vocabulary, sentence structure, and tone. 

• point of view
• humour, irony, satire, wit
• perspective (e.g., persona)

 

avoiding common usage errors (e.g., double negatives, mixed metaphors, malapropisms, and word misuse) 

common practices of standard punctuation, capitalization, quoting, and Canadian spelling 

Texts use various literary devices, including figurative language, according to purpose and audience.