EFP: Literary Studies + Spoken Language 11

English First Peoples
English Language Arts K 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Curriculum EFP: Literary Studies + Spoken Language Grade 11
Introduction
Goals and Rationale
What's New
Curriculum Overview
Supports
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Big Ideas

Grandes idées

The exploration of oral text
text
any type of oral, written, visual, or digital expression or communication:
  • Visual texts can include gestural and spatial components (as in dance) as well as images (some examples are posters, photographs, paintings, carvings, poles, textiles, regalia, and masks).
  • Digital texts can include electronic forms of oral, written, and visual expression.
  • Multimodal texts can include any combination of oral, written, visual, and/or digital elements and can be delivered via different media or technologies (some examples are dramatic presentations, web pages, music videos, online presentations, graphic novels, and closed-captioned films).
 
and story
story
a narrative text that shares ideas about human nature, motivation, behaviour, and experience. Stories can record history, reflect a personal journey, or explore identity. Stories can be oral, written, or visual, and used to instruct, inspire, and/or entertain listeners and readers. 
deepens understanding of one's identity, others, and the world.
First Peoples texts
texts
any type of oral, written, visual, or digital expression or communication:
  • Visual texts can include gestural and spatial components (as in dance) as well as images (some examples are posters, photographs, paintings, carvings, poles, textiles, regalia, and masks).
  • Digital texts can include electronic forms of oral, written, and visual expression.
  • Multimodal texts can include any combination of oral, written, visual, and/or digital elements and can be delivered via different media or technologies (some examples are dramatic presentations, web pages, music videos, online presentations, graphic novels, and closed-captioned films).
 
and stories
stories
 a narrative text that shares ideas about human nature, motivation, behaviour, and experience. Stories can record history, reflect a personal journey, or explore identity. Stories can be oral, written, or visual, and used to instruct, inspire, and/or entertain listeners and readers. 
provide insight into key aspects of Canada’s past, present, and future
Voice is powerful and evocative.
Oral and other texts are socially, culturally, geographically, and historically constructed.
First Peoples voices and texts play a role within the process of Reconciliation
Reconciliation
the movement to heal the relationship between First Peoples and Canada that was damaged by colonial policies such as the Indian residential school system 
.
Self-representation through authentic First Peoples text
authentic First Peoples text
a written, oral, visual, digital, or multimodal text that:
  • presents authentic First Peoples voices (i.e., historical or contemporary texts created by First Peoples, or created through the substantial contributions of First Peoples)
  • depicts themes and issues important to First Peoples cultures (e.g., loss of identity and affirmation of identity, tradition, healing, role of family, importance of Elders, connection to the land, the nature and place of spirituality as an aspect of wisdom, the relationships between individual and community, the importance of oral tradition, the experience of colonization and decolonization)
  • incorporates First Peoples storytelling techniques and features as applicable (e.g., circular structure, repetition, weaving in of spirituality, humour)
  • includes respectful portrayals or representation of First Peoples, their traditions, and their beliefs
 
is a means to foster justice.

Learning Standards

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Curricular Competencies

Using oral, written, visual, and digital texts, students are expected individually and collaboratively to be able to:

Comprehend and connect (reading, listening, viewing)

Demonstrate understanding of how First Peoples languages and texts reflect their cultures, knowledge, histories, and worldviews
Access information for diverse purposes and from a variety of sources
variety of sources
includes print, digital, visual, artistic and diverse cultural sources from multiple perspectives 
to inform development of oral texts
Apply appropriate strategies
strategies
Strategies used will depend on purpose and context. These may include making predictions, asking questions, paraphrasing, forming images, making inferences, determining importance, identifying themes, and drawing conclusions. 
in a variety of contexts
variety of contexts
includes independent and collaborative settings, and formal and informal situations 
to guide inquiry, extend thinking, and comprehend oral and other texts
Recognize and appreciate how different forms, formats, structures, and features of texts reflect different purposes, audiences, and messages
different forms, formats, structures, and features of texts reflect different purposes, audiences, and messages
Students may consider the relationship between form and function (e.g., considering the role in various texts of elements such as negative space in graphic novels, advertisements on websites, lighting and camera angles in film and photography, use of music, paragraph length, line breaks in poetry, silence and intonation in spoken word, and use of colour). 
Think critically, creatively, and reflectively to explore ideas within, between, and beyond texts
Recognize and identify personal, social, and cultural contexts, values, and perspectives
personal, social, and cultural contexts, values, and perspectives
Students should be prompted to understand the influence of family, friends, community, education, spirituality/religion, gender identity, age, sexual orientation, land/place, settlement patterns, traditional First Peoples teachings, economic factors, political events (local and beyond), and colonial policies; to understand that authors write from a perspective influenced by such factors; and to understand the relationship between text and context. 
in oral and other texts, including gender, sexual orientation, and socio-economic factors
Demonstrate understanding of how language constructs and reflects personal, social, and cultural identities
language constructs and reflects personal, social, and cultural identities
  • A person’s sense of identity is a product of linguistic factors or constructs, including oral tradition, story, recorded history, and social media; voice; cultural aspects; literacy history; linguistic background (English as first or additional language); and language as a system of meaning.
  • Students may consider register (jargon, colloquialisms, vernacular, dialects, accent, diction, slang).
 
Construct meaningful personal connections between self, text, and world
Recognize and understand the roles of story and oral traditions
oral traditions
Oral traditions are the means by which cultural transmission occurs over generations, other than through written records. Among First Peoples, oral traditions may consist of told stories, songs, and/or other types of distilled wisdom or information, often complemented by dance or various forms of visual representation such as carvings or masks. In addition to expressing spiritual and emotional truth (e.g., via symbol and metaphor), these traditions provide a record of literal truth (e.g., regarding events and/or situations). They were integrated into every facet of life and were the basis of First Peoples education system. They continue to endure in contemporary contexts. 
in expressing First Peoples perspectives, values, beliefs, and points of view
Understand and evaluate how literary elements, techniques, and devices enhance and shape meaning and impact
Recognize and understand the diversity within and across First Peoples societies as represented in texts
Assess the authenticity of First Peoples texts
Understand the influence of land/place
land/place
refers to the land and other aspects of physical environment on which people interact to learn, create memory, reflect on history, connect with culture, and establish identity 
in First Peoples oral and other texts
Identify bias, contradictions, distortions, and omissions

Create and communicate (writing, speaking, representing)

Respectfully exchange ideas and viewpoints
exchange ideas and viewpoints
  • using active listening skills and receptive body language (e.g., paraphrasing and building on others’ ideas)
  • disagreeing respectfully
  • extending thinking (e.g., shifting, changing) to broader contexts (e.g., social media, digital environments)
  • collaborating in large and small groups
 
from diverse perspectives to build shared understandings and extend thinking
Demonstrate speaking and listening skills
speaking and listening skills
  • Strategies associated with speaking skills may include the conscious use of emotion, pauses, inflection, silence, and emphasis according to context.
  • Strategies associated with listening skills may include receptive body language, eye contact, paraphrasing building on others’ ideas, asking clarifying questions, and disagreeing respectfully.
 
in a variety of formal and informal contexts for a range of purposes
range of purposes
may include to understand, to inquire, to explore, to inform, to interpret, to explain, to take a position, to evaluate, to provoke, to problem solve, and to entertain 
Select and apply appropriate spoken language formats for intended purposes
Express and support an opinion with evidence
Respond to text in personal, creative, and critical ways
Use writing and design processes
writing and design processes
There are various writing and/or design processes depending on context, and these may include determining audience and purpose, generating or gathering ideas, free-writing, making notes, drafting, revising and/or editing, and selecting appropriate format and layout. 
to plan, develop, and create engaging and meaningful texts for a variety of purposes and audiences
audiences
Students expand their understandings of the range of real-world audiences. These can include children, peers, and community members, as well as technical, academic, and business audiences. 
Use creative processes
creative processes
may include conception, drafting, revising, and delivering/performing 
to plan, develop, and create engaging and meaningful oral texts for a variety of purposes and audiences
Assess and refine oral and other texts to improve clarity, effectiveness, and impact
refine oral and other texts to improve clarity, effectiveness, and impact
  • creatively and critically manipulating language for a desired effect
  • consciously and purposefully making intentional stylistic choices (e.g., using sentence fragments or inverted syntax for emphasis or impact)
  • using techniques such as adjusting diction and form according to audience needs and preferences, using verbs effectively, using repetition and substitution for effect, maintaining parallelism, adding modifiers, varying sentence types
  • using strategies associated with oral texts, such as  the conscious use of emotion, pauses, inflection, silence, and emphasis
  • rehearsing with the help of a constructively critical listener, a mirror, and/or audiovisual recording
 
Use a variety of techniques to engage listeners
Experiment with genres, forms, or styles of oral and other texts
Use the conventions of First Peoples and other Canadian spelling, syntax, and diction proficiently and as appropriate to the context
Understand intellectual property rights and community protocols and apply as necessary

Content

Students are expected to know the following:
A wide variety of BC, Canadian, and global First Peoples texts
A wide variety of text forms
forms
Within a type of communication, the writer, speaker, or designer chooses a form based on the purpose of the piece. Common written forms include narratives; journals; procedural, expository, and explanatory documents; news articles; e-mails; blogs; advertisements; poetry; novels; and letters. 
and genres
genres
literary or thematic categories (e.g., science fiction, biography, satire, memoir, poem, visual essay, personal narrative, speech, oral history) 
Common themes in First Peoples texts
Common themes in First Peoples texts
  • connection to the land
  • the nature and place of spirituality as an aspect of wisdom
  • the relationships between individual and community
  • the importance of oral tradition
  • the experience of colonization and decolonization
  • loss of identity and affirmation of identity
  • tradition
  • healing
  • role of family
  • importance of Elders
 
Reconciliation in Canada
First Peoples oral traditions
  • the legal status
    legal status
    First Peoples oral histories are valid evidence of ownership of the land within Canadian law. The Supreme Court of Canada recognizes that First Peoples oral tradition is as important as written documents in considering legal issues. See resource disputes (e.g., Delgamuukw or Xeni Gwetin), treaties and title cases (e.g., Nisga’a), and environmental impact studies (e.g., Puntledge River Dam, Berger Inquiry). 
    of First Peoples oral traditions in Canada
  • purposes of oral texts
  • the relationship between oral tradition and land/place
Protocols
Protocols
  • Protocols are rules governing behaviour or interactions.
  • Protocols can be general and apply to many First Peoples cultures, or specific to individual First Nations.
 
  • protocols related to the ownership and use of First Peoples oral texts
    ownership and use of First Peoples oral texts
    Stories often have protocols for when and where they can be shared, who owns them, and who can share them. 
  • acknowledgement of territory
    acknowledgement of territory
    • Students understand the protocols involved in the acknowledgement of traditional First Nations territories.
    • Students understand the purpose of acknowledgement of First Nations traditional territories.
     
  • situating oneself in relation to others and place
    situating oneself in relation to others and place
    • relates to the concept that everything and everyone is connected
    • Students understand why it is common First Nations practice to introduce oneself by sharing family and place connections.
     
  • processes related to protocols and expectations when engaging with First Nations communities and Aboriginal organizations
    when engaging with First Nations communities and Aboriginal organizations
    Students understand the necessity of learning what protocols might govern interactions in First Nations communities and Aboriginal organizations. 
Text features
Text features
attributes or elements of the text that may include typography (bold, italics, underlining, font choice), guide words, key words, titles, diagrams, captions, labels, maps, charts, illustrations, tables, photographs, and sidebars/text boxes 
and structures
structures
how text is organized 
  • narrative structures, including those found in First Peoples texts
    those found in First Peoples texts
    for example, circular, iterative, cyclical 
  • form, function
    function
    the intended purpose of a text 
    , and genre of oral and other texts
Strategies and processes
  • reading strategies
    reading strategies
    There are many strategies that readers use when making sense of text. Students consider what strategies they need to use to “unpack” text. They employ strategies with increasing independence depending on the purpose, text, and context. Strategies include but may not be limited to predicting, inferring, questioning, paraphrasing, using context clues, using text features, visualizing, making connections, summarizing, identifying big ideas, synthesizing, and reflecting. 
  • oral language strategies
    oral language strategies
    speaking with expression; connecting to listeners, asking questions to clarify, listening for specifics, summarizing, paraphrasing. 
  • metacognitive strategies
    metacognitive strategies
    • thinking about our own thinking, and reflecting on our processes and determining strengths and challenges
    • Students employ metacognitive strategies to gain increasing independence in learning.
     
  • writing processes
    writing processes
    There are various writing processes depending on context. These may include determining audience and purpose, generating or gathering ideas, free-writing, making notes, drafting, revising, and/or editing. Writers often have very personalized processes when writing. Writing is an iterative process. 
  • oral storytelling techniques
    oral storytelling techniques
    creating an original story or finding an existing story (with permission), sharing the story from memory with others, using vocal expression to clarify the meaning of the text, using non-verbal communication expressively to clarify the meaning, attending to stage presence, differentiating the storyteller’s natural voice from the characters’ voices, presenting the story efficiently, keeping the listener’s interest throughout, using an expanding repertoire of techniques to enhance audience experience 
  • presentation and performance strategies
Language features, structures, and conventions
  • features of oral language
    features of oral language
    intonation, enunciation, volume, pacing, expression, purpose, diction, acoustics 
  • elements of style
    elements of style
    stylistic choices that make a specific writer distinguishable from others, including diction, vocabulary, sentence structure, and tone. 
  • syntax and fluency
  • rhetorical devices
    rhetorical devices
    examples include figurative language, parallelism, repetition, irony, humour, exaggeration, emotional language, logic, direct address, rhetorical questions, and allusion 
  • usage
    usage
    avoiding common usage errors (e.g., double negatives, mixed metaphors, malapropisms, and word misuse) 
    and conventions
    conventions
    common practices of standard punctuation in capitalization, quoting, and spelling of Canadian and First Peoples words 
  • literary elements and devices
    literary elements and devices
    Texts use various literary devices, including figurative language, according to purpose and audience. 
  • literal and inferential meaning
  • persuasive techniques
    persuasive techniques
    • ethical, logical, and emotional appeals
    • may include using repetition, rhetorical questions, irony, or satire
     
  • citations and acknowledgements
    acknowledgements
    formal acknowledgements of another person’s work, idea, or intellectual property 
Note: Some of the learning standards in the PHE curriculum address topics that some students and their parents or guardians may feel more comfortable addressing at home. Refer to ministry policy regarding opting for alternative delivery.